The digital divide or information litreracy

WHATS UP?

actually the information below were ready 1 month ago but i couldn't upload it for personal reasons, whatever now, lets get to know now about digital divide.

So what is digital divide?

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 The term 'digital divide' describes the fact that the world can be divided into people who do and people who don't have access to - and the capability to use - modern information technology, such as the telephone, television, or the Internet. The digital divide exists between those in cities and those in rural areas.

Ok so now lets discus the main effects of the digital divide in the society.
The impact of the Digital Divide is massive, it affects every county around the world, the impact of the divide is daunting as a large amount of people have witnessed, not being able o access or use such technology can make a person become an outcast of society in today’s life, the impact on their lives is massive 
We need more people to access technology because the more people that are able to use such devices can.

In contrast the richer countries benefit from more highly trained people who will in turn enable higher economic growth.   In urban areas more people seem to have internet access as opposed to rural areas causing yet another divide. Also countries that don’t have internet access are unable to carry out e-commerce and e-business putting their companies at a significant disadvantage with in the global market.

Now the bellow is a real case study on how the digital divide effects the global world society.
The parts of the world that have a predominant amount of internet access is the western world, the United States, Europe and Northern Asia, where as access is more restricted in the poorer less developed parts of the world such as Africa, India and southern parts of Asia.  These poorer nations are unable to afford the initial start up cost to be able to invest into technology to allow their nation to be able to have and maintain internet access.   This puts these countries at a competitive and economic disadvantage.  This is due to the fact that it impacts on society at many levels.  By a country not having internet access, it means that schools are unable to teach IT skills and take advantage of the vast amount of information available on the web.    With a lack of IT skills people from these countries are unable to compete at an international level.
The internet is growing at a significant rate.  Many companies are moving their activities onto the internet, and new businesses are being developed that operate purely on the internet.  There is a vast amount of information available on the net and social networking sites allow friends and family to keep in touch.
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Data security and legal issues

So today i will answer for the questions below.ENJOY!!!

What is the data protection Act?

The Data Protection Act 1998 (DPA) is a United Kingdom Act of Parliament which defines UK law on the processing of data on identifiable living people. It is the main piece of legislation that governs the protection of personal data in the UK.

Who is the information commissioner?

The role of Information Commissioner differs from nation to nation. Most commonly it is a title given to a government regulator in the fields of freedom of information and the protection of personal data in the widest sense. The office often functions as a specialist ombudsman service.(Note of ombudsman: n ombudsman or public advocate is usually appointed by the   *mahmood copyright* government or by parliament, but with a significant degree of independence, who is charged with representing the interests of the public by investigating and addressing complaints of maladministration or violation of rights. In some countries an Inspector General, Citizen Advocate or other official may have duties similar to those of a national ombudsman, and may also be appointed by the legislature.)

Who is the data controller? 

 data controller is the individual or the legal person who controls and is responsible for the keeping and use of personal information on computer or in structured manual files.  *mahmood copyright* Being a data controller carries with it serious legal responsibilities

who are the data subject? 

The data subject is the person whose personal data are collected, held or processed.

who are the data user?

A data user refers to a person involved in accessing and investigating integrated data sets for statistical and research purposes. This paper focuses on data users accessing integrated data sets created using at least one Commonwealth data set *mahmood copyright*, for statistical and research purposes.Data users include academics working in research institutions and employees undertaking research in Commonwealth and state/territory agencies. It can also include multiple data users working as part of a consortium, alliance or collaborative network. 

what is personal data?

Data which relate to a living individual who can be identified from those data and other information which is in the possession of, or is likely to come into the possession of, the data controller, and includes any expression   *mahmood copyright*of opinion about the individual and any indication of the intentions of the data controller or any other person in respect of the individual - 

Data protection act:

1. Personal data shall be processed fairly and lawfully and, in particular, shall not be processed unless-
   1. at least one of the conditions in Schedule 2 is met, and
   2. in the case of sensitive personal data, at least one of the conditions in Schedule 3 is also met.
2. Personal data shall be obtained  *mahmood copyright* only for one or more specified and lawful purposes, and shall not be further processed in any manner incompatible with that purpose or those purposes.
3. Personal data shall be adequate,  *mahmood copyright* relevant and not excessive in relation to the purpose or purposes for which they are processed.
4. Personal data shall be accurate and, where necessary, kept up to date.
5. Personal data processed for any purpose or purposes shall not be kept for longer than is necessary for that purpose or those purposes.
6. About the rights of individuals e.g.personal data shall be processed in accordance with the rights of data subjects (individuals).
7. Appropriate technical and organisational measures shall be taken against unauthorized or unlawful processing of  *mahmood copyright* personal data and against accidental loss or destruction of, or damage to, personal data.
8. Personal data shall not be transferred to a country or  *mahmood copyright* territory outside the European Economic Area unless that country or territory ensures an adequate level of protection for the rights and freedoms of data subjects in relation to the processing of personal data.

Reference:

devon.gov.uk

http://ico.org.uk/ *mahmood copyright*

dataprotection.ie

.nss.gov.au

secure *mahmood copyright* .edps.europa.eu

and some of my own xD

Online services and health and safety

Health issues 

SOO lets discuses about the health issues of using online services.First there are two tunnel syndromes which are type of the (RSI) repetitive strain injury which are so know are:

1- Carpal tunnel syndrome:this mean that the user will feel the pain in his forearm and wrist.

2- Cubital tunnel syndrome:this mean that the user will feel the pain on his  elbow.this happen because commonly when the person is talking in the phone *qubtan all right reserved*for long time causing pain on elbow that he will feel after a period of time with doing the same thing for long time

Then there is the vision and posture problem.First we have the back and neck problems, we know that the main cause of this is the bad position of the person and even the lighting.This will cause shoulder pain, weakness of the arm and muscles and even the most common headaches *qubtan all right reserved*.Then we have the visual problem, from the word its self we can know it is eye level problem which means weakness on the eye level and the person start tearing without noticing even, and his eyes will be red for sometime and will feel pain on the eyes TILL he finally know he have to take rest.

Now the solution of it is to be award of the health guidance like the position of the computer etc.And he have to take rest every 30 minutes for about 5 minutes so his body take rest from the reflection of the computer.

  

Just read it and you will know what exactly i mean, and this will protect you from getting health problems on future for sure.

Safety 

*qubtan all right reserved*

Now we should care about various thing for our safety.

1-electrocution

this mean the danger of electricity for the user like: the electric shock etc.This may be avoided by not installing much plugs and cables and sockets too, and all the equipment must be checked always, and the person should not drink near the laptop *qubtan all right reserved* because there is chance of wetting the laptop that cause electric shock and other danger.

2-Fire

The person should not open his laptop for long period like 12 hours the laptop open because it cause the overheating and he must give rest to these sensible devices, so he must shut down the laptop for period of time and also to not put drink near the laptop or fire will happen sure.And for large firms there must be fire exit because *qubtan all right reserved* that will be helpful a lot if fire will happen.

3-tripping hazards

mainly the cause is the cables and wire when it is left and not kept properly.*qubtan all right reserved* SO the cable and wires must not kept on the floor so no one walk on it.

4-Heavy equipment's falling

When the device is falling down that may cause sometimes fire.So to avoid this the person must be qualified for this work, *qubtan all right reserved* even for small devices the person must not underestimate it.

*qubtan all right reserved*

Reference:

My own words (i wrote it fully) xD

Online services

Online services

If we talk about online services, we talk about the different services provided through internet, which make the human life easier than before, these services are provided by online companies which deal on e-commerce *mahmoodqubtan all right reserved* but the trade occur on services only to the e-tailing.There are many services provided online, but the most common service that is having a huge demand on is the online bank.

*mahmoodqubtan all right reserved*

The online services has effected the society so much, it made the human life so easy, instead of travelling long distance seeking for these service, now by just one click these services will be with you in your hand, just imagine how beautiful is this.Now for the bank transactions like transfare some amount from your bank account to someone faraway from you, has been so easy, you just have to do some click on your laptop and the money will be on that person hand, or if you want to get a room on *mahmoodqubtan all right reserved* a hotel you can just transfare the money through paypal to that hotel in seconds!! so this how we can know how the online services made our lives so easy, and also lets not forget that these service are 24/7 which mean you can use these services at any time and at any place you are on this huge world

references:

my own words (everything) xD

Online services and security and privacy data

1-Need to protect confidentiality of data.

• To protect privates data the programmer can use encryption.The information such as address,phone number.name and the e-mail will be changed to codes,and the only way to open them is to decrypt the code to the original form and this will open when the information is needed and only the programmer himself knows how to decrypt.

2-shop security 

• Use and maintain anti-virus software, a firewall, and anti-spyware software - Protect yourself against viruses and Trojan horses that may steal or modify the data on your own computer and leave you vulnerable by using anti-virus software and a firewall (see Understanding Anti-Virus Software and Understanding Firewalls for more information). Make sure to keep your virus definitions up to date. Spyware or adware hidden in software programs may also give attackers access to your data, so use a legitimate anti-spyware program to scan your computer and remove any of these files (see Recognizing and Avoiding Spyware for more information).
• Keep software, particularly your web browser, up to date - Install software updates so that attackers cannot take advantage of known problems or vulnerabilities (see Understanding Patches for more information).*mahmoodalqubtan all right reserved* Many operating systems offer automatic updates. If this option is available, you should enable it.

3-Online banking

• The PIN/TAN system where the PIN represents a password, used for the login and TANs representing one-time passwords to authenticate transactions. TANs can be distributed in different ways, the most popular one is to send a list of TANs *mahmoodalqubtan all right reserved* to the online banking user by postal letter. The most secure way of using TANs is to generate them by need using a security token. These token generated TANs depend on the time and a unique secret, stored in the security token (two-factor authentication or 2FA). Usually online banking with PIN/TAN is done via a web browser using SSL secured connections, so that there is no additional encryption needed.

Another way to provide TANs to an online banking user is to send the TAN of the current bank transaction to the user's (GSM) mobile phone via SMS. The SMS text usually quotes the transaction amount and details, the TAN is only valid for a short period of time. Especially in Germany, Austria and The Netherlands, many banks have adopted this "SMS TAN" service as it is considered very secure.

• Signature based online banking where all transactions are signed and encrypted digitally. The Keys for the signature generation and encryption can be stored on smartcards or any memory medium, depending on the concrete implementation.

*mahmoodalqubtan all right reserved*

4-online shopping

Be Discriminating When Providing Personal Information
Never give out your personal or account information to anyone you do not trust *mahmoodalqubtan all right reserved*. And make sure to verify a business's legitimacy by visiting its website or calling a phone number obtained from a trusted source.

Keep Your Passwords Secret
Some online stores may require you to register with them via a user name and password before buying. Online passwords should be kept secret from outside parties the same way you protect

Look For Signs of Security
Identify security clues such as a lock image at the bottom of your browser or a URL that begins with https://. These signs indicate that only you and the merchant can view your payment information.

Never Send Payment Information via Email
Information that travels over the Internet (such as email) *mahmoodalqubtan all right reserved* is not fully protected from being read by outside parties. Most reputable merchant sites use encryption technologies that will protect your private data from being accessed by others as you conduct an Online transaction.

*mahmoodalqubtan all right reserved*

references:
me xD

http://www.us-cert.gov/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki

https://www.usbank.com

Online shopping operation (flow chart)

Online shopping

Online shopping

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copyright@mahmood qubtan

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Online shopping or e-shopping is a form of electronic commerce which allows consumers to directly buy goods or services from a seller over the Internet using a web browser. Alternative names are: e-web-store, e-shop, e-store, Internet shop, web-shop, web-store, online store, online storefront and virtual store.

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Online shopping for customers

customer can buy goods and services online and it have its own pros and cos that ill discuss now.

Pros:

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customer can compare prices by seeing each website and which one offer better price.And the customer don't have to go to the shop so he will save more time as well as money and don't have to carry heavy bags and also he may get deliver facility to his home,and its also 24/7 so he can purchase the commodities in any time and in any place.

 Cons:

The customer should have computer internet to be able to use online shopping,and he must take care of al the condition before purchasing anything because some websites allow to give the personal customer data to others,and the quality of the product he will receive may be bad or damages,and he should take care on which site he will buy because some websites may be unknown,and its somehow risky because his card code may be stolen. 

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all right reserved 

Online shopping for businesses 

businesses can make deal with each other on buying goods and services.

Pros:

businesses may make a very good use by selling their products online,this is because first they don't have to make a building for their shop and so they don't have to pay for water supply,electricity etc.And the company wont need to employ the workforce since everything will be online,and they can give secure to their customers by the payments methods such as using paypal to deal the transaction of money.

Cons:

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the company have to make a website so they will be forced to pay money for the domain and they have to pay much for the web designer since it will cost much to design and to kep the website updated in a daily way and to make the website attractive and easy to use and the company should provide security for its customers so they may pay to some companies to make firewall so it will be impossible to get hacked easily,and sometimes its hard to deliver the product to far countries.

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Security issues 

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All the transaction made must be secure to avoid hacking specially the transaction detail because it may be harmful to the customer as well as the company because the customer may judge the  company it self for not giving security to its customers ,also the business should not give its customers details to other suck as their emails or phone number and not sell it to other companies because the customer have the right to sue them.The companies specially the banks is spending a lot of money to provide firewall so not hacking will occur and by this it give trust to its customers to keep using their website and buying goods and services.

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all right reserved 

many posts will be soon so stay tune!!!